The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights contains 31 articles. Most of these rights are stated as recommendations or targets, and therefore less binding than those in the UN Convention on Civil and Political Rights. None of these rights are non-derogable. (Non-derogable human rights are rights that can never annulled or suspended, not even in times of war or emergency.) Associated with this treaty is the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The committee, consisting of 18 independent experts, was established in 1987 to monitor the implementation of the UN Convention. An Optional Protocol to this treaty that provides for to petition for individual citizens has (as of 2019) been ratified by 24 countries. Not yet by the Netherlands, however.

You can read the treaty text here

List of countries that have ratified the ICESCR

Case 2: Shell in the Niger Delta

Watch the video and answer the questions:

Click on ‘begin toets’ to start. After you have filled in all the questions, click on ‘toets afronden’. You can then click on the ‘next chapter’ button to go to the next questions. Do you want to see your answers? Then click on ‘bekijk vragen’.